DISCOVER AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS WITH EUROPE-CITIES

Amsterdam, the best planned city of northern Europe, has always been a well-known name in world history. In the 17th century Amsterdam was the centre of world economy, while nowadays the city is rather associated with its tolerant character. Although the seat of the government of Netherlands is in The Hague, Amsterdam is the nominal capital. It is also the country's largest city, with a population of almost 750 000, and the most frequently visited, with over 3.5 million foreign visitors a year. Amsterdam is one of Europe's cities renowned for architecture and design. Beside the 17-th century ring of canals, Amsterdam is foremost where modern architecture has developed between facades of historical buildings. Since it is not a big city (in comparison with other European capitols), all sites of interest are within acceptable distance, being one of the reasons why Amsterdam is so popular with lovers of architecture.

Amsterdam was founded as a fishing village around the thirteenth century. During the 14th and 15th century, Amsterdam underwent a rapid development, which laid the foundation for the Golden Age. The period 1585-1672, the Golden Age, was the peak of Amsterdam's commercial success. At that time Amsterdam was the market of the world. During this period the characteristic Amsterdam landscape was developed. Those achievements still determine the city's distinct appearance. 1672 was a year of disaster for the Dutch Republic with the French and English attacking simultaneously. The Golden Age had come to an end. Nevertheless, Amsterdam managed to consolidate its strength and potential. The city succeeded and eventually managed to retain its position as the financial centre of Europe. The large number of dwellings built at this time reflects the city`s prosperity, despite of the unfavourable political situation.

In 1795 the government of the patrician oligarchies was overthrown and the old Republic ceased to exist. Soon the French were to occupy the country. During the period 1795-1813 Amsterdam suffered badly from the economic recession. From 1813 once again began the economic recovery, which from 1870 resulted in further expansion of the city. The increasing wealth brought a rapid population growth. This development was primarily the outcome of the Industrial Revolution, which triggered off a New Golden Age. The city now ventured into the area beyond the Singelgracht. Large poorly built working-class neighbourhoods were built. Recession like in other European countries was brought by the 1920s. At this time the historical city centre suffered large-scale damage.

The Netherlands tried to stay neutral in World War II, but Germany invaded in May 1940, and for the first time in 400 years the city's population experienced the grim realities of war. The occupying forces introduced severe measures against Amsterdam's large Jewish population bringing death to thousands of residents. The city was liberated in May 1945.