The bus network constitutes a supplement to the railway network, running to the towns without a train station. Bus service is generally local, although a number of long-distance connections also operate. For longer distances, however, buses are much slower and only slightly cheaper than taking a train. International service is provided by Eurolines.

As a developed European country, Belgium features an extensive system of main roads. Modern motorways connect Brussels, Ghent, Bruges, Ostend, Hasselt, Liege and Antwerp, and provide convenient access to Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Germany and France. The motorways and tunnels are generally free to drive on. One exception is the Liefenhoeks Tunnel in Antwerp. There are no toll roads in Belgium.

Belgium has an impressive, modern railway network. The capital is the heart of the system, the hub of many lines radiating outward and providing access to all of the country's major destinations. The busiest route is that between Brussels and Antwerp. There's also a wide range of international connections. High-speed trains connect the Belgian capital with other important Western European capitals: the Thalys trains run between Brussels, Antwerp, Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Hague and Paris; the Eurostar service runs to Lille in France and, through the Eurotunnel, to London. Additionally, an InterCity connection with Amsterdam is available every hour.

Belgium's major international gateway is Zaventem Airport in Brussels, located 12 kilometres northeast of the capital. The main hub of national carrier Brussels Airlines, it receives flights operated by this and other major airlines from all over the world. The capital's other airport, Brussels South Charleroi, is situated nearly 50 kilometres from the capital and operates primarily low-cost flights. A small international airport is located in Antwerp. As distances in Belgium are very short – the maximum distance between towns is 300 kilometres – there are no domestic flights.

The main passenger harbours in Belgium are Zeebrugge and Ostend. Scheduled overnight services run from Zeebrugge to Hull and Rosyth in the United Kingdom. Ostend is connected to the British Ramsgate by means of a daytime ferry service. The main ferry operators are Superfast Ferries and P&O Ferries.

Public transportation systems in Belgian cities are of the highest quality. While Brussels and Antwerp feature metro networks, other cities use mainly buses and trams. For basic sightseeing, extensive use of city transport is usually unnecessary, as the historical centres of the cities are generally very small. An interesting means of city and suburban transportation is the Kusttram, a tram running along the Belgian coast between the French and the Dutch border. It constitutes a popular attraction in itself during the summer.