Traveling by bus in Spain is much cheaper than traveling by train. The bus network here is quite fragmented, with dozens of privately owned companies running various short- and long-distance routes. Since many small towns in Spain don't have bus stations, be prepared to ask around about bus stops for particular destinations.

Spain boasts an expansive and well-developed network of modern motorways connecting the main cities. Almost all of the national motorways (autovías) radiate out from Madrid. They're free, and many have a parallel alternative toll road that’s usually of better quality and much less crowded. The toll fees aren’t very high. There are motorways connecting Spain with neighbouring France and Portugal. The speed limit on the motorways is 120 km/h; on other main roads, it’s 90 km/h, and 50 km/h in residential areas/towns.

Spain's national railway operator is called RENFE. The railway network consists of a total of 13,000 kilometres of tracks. It covers the entire country and provides transportation between all of the regions of the Iberian Peninsula. RENFE offers a catalogue of discounts and special offers that can make your trip around Spain much cheaper. For instance, on the so-called Dias Azules (Blue Days, selected days that generally don't coincide with holidays), you can travel with a 50% discount. Tarjeta Joven (Youth Card) offers discounts for people 12-25 years old. Tarjeta Turistica (Tourist Card) is reserved for non-residents of Spain and allows them to travel on an unlimited number of trains for a limited period of time. The major metropolitan areas in Spain are serviced by commuter trains called cercanias.

Almost every large city in Spain has an airport serving international flights. Located 13 kilometres northeast of central Madrid, the Madrid Barajas International Airport is the busiest airport in Spain and one of the busiest hubs of the entire continent. It handles more than 45 million passengers every year. The country's national carrier, Iberia, is responsible for nearly 60% of all of the traffic at Barajas. The second-largest international gateway in Spain is El Prat de Llobregat Airport in Barcelona. There's a wide range of carriers offering domestic flights connecting these two major airports and a number of other smaller ones. The air route between Barajas and El Prat is known in Spain as the Air Bridge, and is currently considered the busiest air corridor in the world. As Spain is a major tourist destination, visitors arriving by plane can also choose from a number of low-cost carriers offering connections to towns and cities across the country, such as easyJet, Ryanair, Clickair, Air Comet, Vueling, Wizzair and Smart Wings.

Spanish harbours provide regular car and passenger ferry services to a number of destinations. Bilbao and Santander in northern Spain offer connections with Portsmouth and Plymouth in the UK. From Denia, Valencia and Barcelona, you can reach the Balearic Islands; from Barcelona, it's also possible to cross to Civitavecchia, Genoa, and Livorno in Italy. Cadiz is the exclusive harbour for passenger ferries to the Canary Islands. Ports along the Costa del Sol offer service to the Spanish enclaves in northern Africa (Ceuta and Melilla), as well as Tanger and Nador in Morocco and Ghazaouet in Algeria. Local ferries connect the islands within the archipelagos of the Canary Islands and the Balearic Islands.

Spanish cities generally boast very good public transportation systems. Most of the urban areas feature efficient bus and suburban rail networks that make getting around easy and comfortable. Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Bilbao have underground lines which provide the fastest and most convenient way of getting around. Public transport offices offer a wide range of city transport passes and maps explaining the details of the system in any given city.