History of Austria. Austria chronology

History of Austria

Early Middle Ages and Babenberg Austria
Habsburg Dynasty
The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars (1792-1814)
The 19th Century
After World War II
Chronology of Austria
Famous People from Austria

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Chronology of Austria

Medieval Austria
992	The name ‘Austria’ appears for the first time in a manuscript.
1192	Richard the Lion Heart is captured while returning from the Third Crusade (King’s Crusade). Austrians demand a ransom for the English king, but it was never fully paid.
1267	The Catholic Church in Vienna force all Jews to wear special distinctive clothing.
1295	The city of Trieste becomes the Imperial Free City, or Free State of Trieste.
1312	Pope Clement suppresses the Knights Templar at the Council of Vienna.
1315	Swiss soldiers destroy the invading Austrian troops in the Battle of Morgarten.
1347-50	The Black Plague (Black Death) reaches Austria, as well as many other countries. The Plague claims some 25 million lives in Europe.
1365	Duke Rudolph IV establishes the University of Vienna.

15th–17th Century Austria
1447	Construction of St Stephen’s Cathedral (Stephensdom) in Vienna is completed, and holds the tomb of Austrian born, German King Friedrich III.
1490	The province of Upper Austria establishes a new capital, the city of Linz.
1516	Charles I, a Habsburg, succeeds King Ferdinand’s throne in Spain.
1519	Charles of Spain becomes Holy Roman Emperor in Barcelona and combines the crowns of Austria, Spain, Germany and Burgundy.
1522	The Habsburg family is split into two branches: Spanish and Austrian.
1529	The Ottoman Armies siege Vienna but are defeated and forced to retreat.
1571	The Turkish Army is utterly defeated in the Battle of Lepanto.
1622	The University of Salzburg is founded.
1628	Austrian Protestants are forced to convert to Catholicism.
1683	After the Austrians defeat the Turks for the second time, cappuccino and the croissant are introduced to celebrate the victory.
1699	The war ends between Austria and the Turks.

Age of Brilliant Minds
1732	The famous Austrian composer Joseph Haydn is born.
1756	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is born.
1765	The School for Healing Animal Diseases is founded by Austrian Empress Maria Theresa, which later becomes the University of Veterinary Medicine.
1777	The Vienna University Library opens.
1783	The German language officially replaces Latin in language teaching.
1787	The composer of ‘Silent Night’, Franz Xavier Gruber, is born.
1791	Mozart dies at the age of 35.
1792	The 22-year-old Ludwig Van Beethoven receives his first composition lesson by Austrian composer Joseph Haydn.
1797	Composer Franz Shubert is born.
1803	Austrian physicist Christian Doppler, founder of the Doppler Effect, is born.
1822	Gregor Johann Mendel, the botanist who created the theory of heredity, is born.
1825	Johann Strauss is born.
1856	The father of psychology, Sigmund Freud, is born.
1867	Johann Strauss’ ‘Blue Danube’ waltz is presented in Vienna.
1889	Adolf Hitler is born in Austria.
1891	Daniel Swarowski creates a machine with which crystal stones are cut to resemble diamonds.

Beginning of 20th Century
1907	The 18-year-old Hitler applies to study art in Vienna, but is rejected.
1914	The Austrian heir, Francis Ferdinand, is assassinated with his wife in Sarajevo, Bosnia, beginning the First World War.
1918	Vienna becomes capital of the Republic of Austria.
1936	Austria proclaims itself a ‘German State’
1938	By union with Germany, the Austrian Army is brought under German control.
1945	The Soviet Army liberates Vienna.
1946-47	Reconstruction of Austria begins with denazification.

Modern Day Austria
1955	Austria joins the United Nations (UN).
1995	Austria becomes a member of the European Union (EU).
1998	Pope John Paul II visits Austria.
1999	The euro is successfully launched.
2007	A nuclear meeting is held in Austria, attended by representatives of 130 countries.