The Third Republic spanned the period from 1871 to 1940. It was established in 1870, after the horrible defeat of France by the Prussian army supported by the North German Confederation. Until the beginning of 1871, Paris was occupied by the German army. In Paris, it was widely considered that the Treaty of Frankfurt, which had been signed between the Assembly and Germany to end the Franco-Prussian War, was in fact treachery. A riot broke out in the spring of 1871, which gave birth to the Paris Commune – a local authority exercising power until May 28, 1871. It began as a Republican revolt, but later its true face emerged: pure anarchism. It was brutally put down, and the last rebels were killed in Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Haussmann’s legacy was recognised and continued in the city. The Place de l’Opera and the route from Boulevard Saint-Germain and Henri IV Blvd. were completed in the late 19th Century. Impressively, 37 squares were completed between 1870 and 1911. However, it turned out that Haussmann’s plan had had quite a few gaps. He had disregarded industry and failed to establish special zones. Moreover, the rich were concentrated in the west of Paris, and the poor were more evident to the east. This division was sharpening.

Third Republic authorities had assumed that Haussmann’s plan was perfect, which is why they failed to follow up and improve upon it. As a result, France was behind the times in the late 19th Century. The first plan for Paris was decided upon in 1939, while in New York City it had been established back in 1916. The metro was the only crucial innovation of the Third Republic. A railway was constructed in the 1860s.