Parc Guell
Parc Guell is a municipal garden, designed by famous Catalan architect
Antoni Gaudi. It was under construction from 1900 to 1914 and is on UNESCO's list of World Heritage sites. Gaudi's other buildings, likewise distinguished by UNESCO, are
Casa Mila, Sagrada Familia, Casa Batllo, Casa Vicens, the
Colonia Guell crypt and
Palau Guell. All of these buildings are located in Barcelona and many in the
Eixample district. Parc Guell is located in the district of Gracia. Originally the park was supposed to be a residential area, but this enterprise proved unsuccessful. Later a wealthy businessman, Eusebio de Guell, commissioned the construction. He wanted an elegant park for the high echelons of Barcelona society.
Parc Guell features spectacular stonework, remarkable buildings and classic Catalan tiling. The art of decorating facades of buildings with broken tiles is typically Catalan in nature. The entrance to Parc Guell is distinguished by a dragon fountain, also covered in colourful tiles. Gaudi is famous for incorporating natural designs in architecture and he often used natural support structures. The pathway through the park is supported by rock columns, which appear as if rising from the earth. Their irregularity and twisted shapes make them seem more natural. A terraced zone can be seen at the top of the park, offering a panoramic view of the whole terrain and the skyline of Barcelona. Mesmerising, multicoloured mosaics and tiles mark this sector. The design is truly remarkable, typical of Gaudi.
The garden complex is located on a hill. Its architectural elements are breathtaking. There is also a small house here, which Gaudi inhabited at a certain point. Entrance to the park is free, but you must pay to see Gaudi's house, which was transformed into a museum. He designed the furniture in it as well. Wavy forms, tree-like shapes, and columns that look like tree trunks or stalactites are characteristic of the complex. The column design is innovative, but based on the classic Doric variety. Some of them are exquisitely decorated with colourful tile fragments, reflecting the sunlight in dazzling patterns. Gaudi took the hilly terrain into consideration and made sure the landscaping corresponded to it. The steep cliffs and slopes have remained, and are woven with twisting pathways and grottoes that accentuate the natural feeling.
The park is submerged in a tranquil, peaceful atmosphere. The authentic and delightful buildings are inconspicuous at the same time; a fact contributing to the serenity of the area and one that is characteristic of Gaudi's structures as a whole. The roofs boast unique forms with unusual apexes.
The main terrace is the centrepiece of the park. A long bench, shaped like a sea serpent, encircles it. The bench's form facilitates a social atmosphere. It has many curves, where groups of people can gather and talk.
From Parc Guell you can see the entire city, including the district of Montjuic and Gaudi's masterpiece, the uncompleted Sagrada Familia temple, from the highest point of the park. Indeed, this garden complex is the most brilliant example of Art Nouveau architecture. The park became municipal property in 1914. At that time two houses, 3 kilometres of pathways, a terrace, the entrance and the hypostyle hall, which was supposed to be an underground market, had been finished. Spirits were running high in relation to the quest for Catalan independence at this time in history, and both Gaudi and Guell believed that this park would express the people's desire for freedom.
The park became popular immediately. Additionally, Gaudi employed symbolism extensively in his work. The colours and shapes were based on those of nature, and Gaudi, who was a fervent Catholic, believed that nature's design was an instance of divine revelation. Arcades, halls and terraces perch on the slopes of the hill. The overall impression that visitors to the park are left with is one of joy and brilliance.
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